1. Bloom
    1. Bloom.fx
    2. Bloom Demo
    3. 실행화면

Bloom은 카메라 렌즈에서 빛이 작동하는 방식을 시뮬레이션하기 위해 그래픽 및 게임에서 사용되는 시각 효과다. 밝은 물체 주위에 빛나는 효과를 만든다. 

 

목차

 

 

 

 

Bloom

 

다음의 과정을 거쳐 Bloom을 구현한다.

 

  1. 장면을 텍스처로 렌더링: 첫 번째 단계는 장면을 BackBuffer 대신 텍스처로 렌더링하는 것이다. 이를 통해 원래 렌더링된 이미지에 영향을 주지 않고 장면에 후처리 효과를 적용할 수 있다.
  2. 임계값 적용: 다음으로 텍스처에 임계값을 적용하여 장면에서 밝은 픽셀을 식별한다. 이는 각 픽셀의 색상 값을 임계값과 비교하여 수행된다. 픽셀의 색상 값이 임계값보다 크면 밝은 픽셀로 간주되어 추가 처리된다.
  3. 밝은 픽셀 추출: 픽셀 셰이더를 사용하여 다른 텍스처로 렌더링하여 장면에서 밝은 픽셀을 추출한다. 이 쉐이더는 블러링 또는 글로우 효과 추가와 같은 원하는 효과를 밝은 픽셀에 적용하는 데 사용할 수 있다.
  4. 밝은 픽셀을 원본 장면과 결합: 밝은 픽셀을 원본 텍스처 위에 렌더링하여 원본 장면과 결합한다. 이것은 두 텍스처를 함께 혼합하여 최종 블룸 효과를 생성하는 또 다른 픽셀 셰이더를 사용하여 수행된다.
  5. BackBuffer로 렌더링: 마지막으로 결합된 텍스처를 백 버퍼로 렌더링하여 표시합니다.

DirectX에서 Bloom을 구현하려면 Post Effect 기술을 사용하여 장면에서 밝은 픽셀을 식별하고 추출한 다음 원본 장면과 결합하여 빛나거나 후광 효과를 만든다. 

 

 

Bloom.fx

 

Bloom.fx

더보기 
#include "00_Global.fx"
#include "00_Light.fx"
 
float2 PixelSize;
 
struct VertexOutput
{
    float4 Position : SV_Position;
    float2 Uv : Uv;
};
 
VertexOutput VS(float4 Position : Position)
{
    VertexOutput output;
    
    output.Position = Position;
    output.Uv.x = Position.x * 0.5f + 0.5f;
    output.Uv.y = -Position.y * 0.5f + 0.5f;
    
    return output;
}
 
float4 PS_Diffuse(VertexOutput input) : SV_Target
{
    return DiffuseMap.Sample(LinearSampler, input.Uv);
}
 
float Threshold = 0.6f;
float4 PS_Luminosity(VertexOutput input) : SV_Target
{
    float4 color = DiffuseMap.Sample(LinearSampler, input.Uv);
    
    return saturate((color - Threshold) / (1 - Threshold));
}
 
#define MAX_SAMPLE_COUNT 33
int SampleCount = 15;
 
float2 Offsets[MAX_SAMPLE_COUNT];
float Weights[MAX_SAMPLE_COUNT];
 
float4 PS_Blur(VertexOutput input) : SV_Target
{
    float4 color = 0;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < SampleCount; i++)
        color += DiffuseMap.Sample(LinearSampler, input.Uv + Offsets[i]) * Weights[i];
 
    return color;
}
 
 
Texture2D LuminosityMap;
Texture2D BlurMap;
float4 PS_Composite(VertexOutput input) : SV_Target
{
    float4 luminosity = LuminosityMap.Sample(LinearSampler, input.Uv);
    float4 blur = BlurMap.Sample(LinearSampler, input.Uv);
    
    luminosity *= (1.0f - saturate(blur));
    
    return float4((luminosity + blur).rgb, 1.0f);
}
 
technique11 T0
{
    P_VP(P0, VS, PS_Diffuse)
    P_VP(P1, VS, PS_Luminosity)
    P_VP(P2, VS, PS_Blur)
    P_VP(P3, VS, PS_Composite)
}

 

float Threshold = 0.6f;
float4 PS_Luminosity(VertexOutput input) : SV_Target
{
    float4 color = DiffuseMap.Sample(LinearSampler, input.Uv);
    
    return saturate((color - Threshold) / (1 - Threshold));
}

threshold보다

  • 작은 값은 어두워진다.
  • 큰 값은 밝아진다.

threshold보다 큰 값을 추출한다. 이렇게해서 밝은면을 추출한다. 

 

Bloom Demo

 

BloomDemo.h

더보기 
#pragma once
#include "Systems/IExecute.h"
 
class BloomDemo : public IExecute
{
public:
	virtual void Initialize() override;
	virtual void Ready() override {}
	virtual void Destroy() override {}
	virtual void Update() override;
	virtual void PreRender() override;
	virtual void Render() override;
	virtual void PostRender() override;
	virtual void ResizeScreen() override {}
 
private:
	void Billboards();
	void Mesh();
	void Airplane();
	void Kachujin();
	void KachujinCollider();
	void KachujinWeapon();
	void PointLighting();
	void SpotLighting();
 
	void Pass(UINT mesh, UINT model, UINT anim);
 
private:
	void SetBlur();
 
	void GetBlurParameter(vector<float>& weights, vector<Vector2>& offsets, float x, float y);
	float GetGaussFunction(float val);
 
private:
	bool bOrigin = false;
 
	float threshold = 0.05f;
 
	UINT blurCount = 15;
 
	//가중치 계산
	vector<float> weightX;
	vector<Vector2> offsetX;
 
	vector<float> weightY;
	vector<Vector2> offsetY;
 
private:
	Shader* shader;
 
	RenderTarget* renderTarget[5];
	DepthStencil* depthStencil;
	Viewport* viewport;
	Render2D* render2D;
	PostEffect* postEffect;
 
	Billboard* billboard;
 
	CubeSky* sky;
 
	Material* floor;
	Material* stone;
	Material* brick;
	Material* wall;
 
	MeshRender* cube;
	MeshRender* cylinder;
	MeshRender* sphere;
	MeshRender* grid;
 
	ModelRender* airplane = NULL;
 
 
	ModelAnimator* kachujin = NULL;
	Transform* colliderInitTransforms;
	ColliderObject** colliders;
 
	ModelRender* weapon = NULL;
	Transform* weaponInitTransform;
 
	vector<MeshRender *> meshes;
	vector<ModelRender *> models;
	vector<ModelAnimator *> animators;
};

가중치 계산

  • vector<float> weightX;
  • vector<Vector2> offsetX;
  • vector<float> weightY;
  • vector<Vector2> offsetY;

 

 

BloomDemo.cpp

더보기 
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "BloomDemo.h"
 
void BloomDemo::Initialize()
{
	Context::Get()->GetCamera()->RotationDegree(20, 0, 0);
	Context::Get()->GetCamera()->Position(1, 36, -85);
	((Freedom *)Context::Get()->GetCamera())->Speed(50, 2);
 
 
	shader = new Shader(L"96_Billboard.fxo");
 
 
	float width = D3D::Width(), height = D3D::Height();
	width = height = 4096;
 
	
	renderTarget[0] = new RenderTarget((UINT)width, (UINT)height); //Diffuse
	renderTarget[1] = new RenderTarget((UINT)width, (UINT)height); //Luminosity
	renderTarget[2] = new RenderTarget((UINT)width, (UINT)height); //BlurX
	renderTarget[3] = new RenderTarget((UINT)width, (UINT)height); //BlurY
	renderTarget[4] = new RenderTarget((UINT)width, (UINT)height); //Composite
 
	depthStencil = new DepthStencil((UINT)width, (UINT)height);
	viewport = new Viewport(width, height);
 
	
	render2D = new Render2D();
	render2D->GetTransform()->Scale(355, 200, 1);
	render2D->GetTransform()->Position(200, 120, 0);
	render2D->SRV(renderTarget[0]->SRV());
 
	postEffect = new PostEffect(L"106_Bloom.fxo");
 
 
	sky = new CubeSky(L"Environment/GrassCube1024.dds");
	
	Billboards();
 
	Mesh();
	Airplane();
	
	Kachujin();
	KachujinCollider();
	KachujinWeapon();
 
	PointLighting();
	SpotLighting();
}
 
void BloomDemo::Update()
{
	static bool bOrigin = false;
	ImGui::Checkbox("Origin", &bOrigin);
 
	ImGui::InputFloat("Threshold", &threshold, 0.01f);
	postEffect->GetShader()->AsScalar("Threshold")->SetFloat(threshold);
 
	ImGui::InputInt("BlurCount", (int *)&blurCount, 2);
	blurCount %= 33;
	if (blurCount < 1)
		blurCount = 1;
	postEffect->GetShader()->AsScalar("BlurCount")->SetInt(blurCount);
 
 
	sky->Update();
 
	cube->Update();
	grid->Update();
	cylinder->Update();
	sphere->Update();
 
	airplane->Update();
	kachujin->Update();
 
	Matrix worlds[MAX_MODEL_TRANSFORMS];
	for (UINT i = 0; i < kachujin->GetTransformCount(); i++)
	{
		kachujin->GetAttachTransform(i, worlds);
		weapon->GetTransform(i)->World(weaponInitTransform->World() * worlds[40]);
	}
 
	weapon->UpdateTransforms();
	weapon->Update();
 
	billboard->Update();
 
	render2D->Update();
	postEffect->Update();
}
 
void BloomDemo::PreRender()
{
	viewport->RSSetViewport();
 
 
	//Render
	{
		renderTarget[0]->PreRender(depthStencil);
 
		sky->Render();	
 
 
		Pass(0, 1, 2);
 
		wall->Render();
		sphere->Render();
 
		brick->Render();
		cylinder->Render();
 
		stone->Render();
		cube->Render();
 
		floor->Render();
		grid->Render();
 
		airplane->Render();
 
		kachujin->Render();
		weapon->Render();
 
		billboard->Render();
	}
 
 
	Vector2 PixelSize = Vector2(1.0f / D3D::Width(), 1.0f / D3D::Height());
	postEffect->GetShader()->AsVector("PixelSize")->SetFloatVector(PixelSize);
	
	//Luminosity
	{
		renderTarget[1]->PreRender(depthStencil);
 
		postEffect->Pass(1);
		postEffect->SRV(renderTarget[0]->SRV());
		postEffect->Render();
	}
 
	
	SetBlur(); //Blur값을 계산하고 넘겨준다.
 
	//BlurX
	{
		postEffect->GetShader()->AsScalar("Weights")->SetFloatArray(&weightX[0], 0, weightX.size());
		postEffect->GetShader()->AsVector("Offsets")->SetRawValue(&offsetX[0], 0, sizeof(Vector2) * offsetX.size());
 
		
		renderTarget[2]->PreRender(depthStencil);
		viewport->RSSetViewport();
 
		postEffect->SRV(renderTarget[1]->SRV());
		postEffect->Pass(2);
		postEffect->Render();
	}
 
	//BlurY
	{
		postEffect->GetShader()->AsScalar("Weights")->SetFloatArray(&weightY[0], 0, weightY.size());
		postEffect->GetShader()->AsVector("Offsets")->SetRawValue(&offsetY[0], 0, sizeof(Vector2) * offsetY.size());
 
		
		renderTarget[3]->PreRender(depthStencil);
		viewport->RSSetViewport();
 
		postEffect->SRV(renderTarget[2]->SRV());
		postEffect->Pass(2);
		postEffect->Render();
	}
 
	//Comsite
	{
		renderTarget[4]->PreRender(depthStencil);
		viewport->RSSetViewport();
 
		postEffect->GetShader()->AsSRV("LuminosityMap")->SetResource(renderTarget[1]->SRV());
		postEffect->GetShader()->AsSRV("BlurMap")->SetResource(renderTarget[3]->SRV());
 
		postEffect->Pass(3);
		postEffect->Render();
	}
}
 
void BloomDemo::Render()
{
	
}
 
void BloomDemo::PostRender()
{
	postEffect->Pass(0);
 
	postEffect->SRV(renderTarget[4]->SRV());
	postEffect->Render();
 
	render2D->Render();
}
 
void BloomDemo::Billboards()
{
	billboard = new Billboard(shader);
	//billboard->Pass(3);
	billboard->Pass(4);
	
	billboard->AddTexture(L"Terrain/grass_14.tga");
	billboard->AddTexture(L"Terrain/grass_07.tga");
	billboard->AddTexture(L"Terrain/grass_11.tga");
 
	for (UINT i = 0; i < 1200; i++)
	{
		Vector2 scale = Math::RandomVec2(1, 3);
		Vector2 position = Math::RandomVec2(-60, 60);
 
		billboard->Add(Vector3(position.x, scale.y * 0.5f, position.y), scale, 0);
	}
 
	for (UINT i = 0; i < 300; i++)
	{
		Vector2 scale = Math::RandomVec2(1, 3);
		Vector2 position = Math::RandomVec2(-60, 60);
 
		billboard->Add(Vector3(position.x, scale.y * 0.5f, position.y), scale, 1);
	}
 
	for (UINT i = 0; i < 700; i++)
	{
		Vector2 scale = Math::RandomVec2(1, 3);
		Vector2 position = Math::RandomVec2(-60, 60);
 
		billboard->Add(Vector3(position.x, scale.y * 0.5f, position.y), scale, 2);
	}
}
 
void BloomDemo::Mesh()
{
	//Create Material
	{
		floor = new Material(shader);
		floor->DiffuseMap("Floor.png");
		floor->Specular(1, 1, 1, 20);
		floor->SpecularMap("Floor_Specular.png");
		floor->NormalMap("Floor_Normal.png");
		
		stone = new Material(shader);
		stone->DiffuseMap("Stones.png");
		stone->Specular(1, 1, 1, 20);
		stone->SpecularMap("Stones_Specular.png");
		stone->Emissive(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f, 0.3f);
		stone->NormalMap("Stones_Normal.png");
 
		
		brick = new Material(shader);
		brick->DiffuseMap("Bricks.png");
		brick->Specular(1, 0.3f, 0.3f, 20);
		brick->SpecularMap("Bricks_Specular.png");
		brick->Emissive(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f, 0.3f);
		brick->NormalMap("Bricks_Normal.png");
 
		wall = new Material(shader);
		wall->DiffuseMap("Wall.png");
		wall->Specular(1, 1, 1, 20);
		wall->SpecularMap("Wall_Specular.png");
		wall->Emissive(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f, 0.3f);
		wall->NormalMap("Wall_Normal.png");
	}
 
	//Create Mesh
	{
		Transform* transform = NULL;
 
		cube = new MeshRender(shader, new MeshCube());
		transform = cube->AddTransform();
		transform->Position(0, 5, 0);
		transform->Scale(20, 10, 20);
 
		grid = new MeshRender(shader, new MeshGrid(5, 5));
		transform = grid->AddTransform();
		transform->Position(0, 0, 0);
		transform->Scale(12, 1, 12);
 
		cylinder = new MeshRender(shader, new MeshCylinder(0.5f, 3.0f, 20, 20));
		sphere = new MeshRender(shader, new MeshSphere(0.5f, 20, 20));
		for (UINT i = 0; i < 5; i++)
		{
			transform = cylinder->AddTransform();
			transform->Position(-30, 6, -15.0f + (float)i * 15.0f);
			transform->Scale(5, 5, 5);
 
			transform = cylinder->AddTransform();
			transform->Position(30, 6, -15.0f + (float)i * 15.0f);
			transform->Scale(5, 5, 5);
 
 
			transform = sphere->AddTransform();
			transform->Position(-30, 15.5f, -15.0f + (float)i * 15.0f);
			transform->Scale(5, 5, 5);
 
			transform = sphere->AddTransform();
			transform->Position(30, 15.5f, -15.0f + (float)i * 15.0f);
			transform->Scale(5, 5, 5);
		}
	}
 
	sphere->UpdateTransforms();
	cylinder->UpdateTransforms();
	cube->UpdateTransforms();
	grid->UpdateTransforms();
 
	meshes.push_back(sphere);
	meshes.push_back(cylinder);
	meshes.push_back(cube);
	meshes.push_back(grid);
}
 
void BloomDemo::Airplane()
{
	airplane = new ModelRender(shader);
	airplane->ReadMesh(L"B787/Airplane");
	airplane->ReadMaterial(L"B787/Airplane");
 
	Transform* transform = airplane->AddTransform();
	transform->Position(2.0f, 9.91f, 2.0f);
	transform->Scale(0.004f, 0.004f, 0.004f);
	airplane->UpdateTransforms();
 
	models.push_back(airplane);
}
 
void BloomDemo::Kachujin()
{
	kachujin = new ModelAnimator(shader);
	kachujin->ReadMesh(L"Kachujin/Mesh");
	kachujin->ReadMaterial(L"Kachujin/Mesh");
	kachujin->ReadClip(L"Kachujin/Sword And Shield Idle");
	kachujin->ReadClip(L"Kachujin/Sword And Shield Walk");
	kachujin->ReadClip(L"Kachujin/Sword And Shield Run");
	kachujin->ReadClip(L"Kachujin/Sword And Shield Slash");
	kachujin->ReadClip(L"Kachujin/Salsa Dancing");
 
 
	Transform* transform = NULL;
 
	transform = kachujin->AddTransform();
	transform->Position(0, 0, -30);
	transform->Scale(0.075f, 0.075f, 0.075f);
	kachujin->PlayTweenMode(0, 0, 1.0f);
 
	transform = kachujin->AddTransform();
	transform->Position(-15, 0, -30);
	transform->Scale(0.075f, 0.075f, 0.075f);
	kachujin->PlayTweenMode(1, 1, 1.0f);
 
	transform = kachujin->AddTransform();
	transform->Position(-30, 0, -30);
	transform->Scale(0.075f, 0.075f, 0.075f);
	kachujin->PlayTweenMode(2, 2, 0.75f);
 
	transform = kachujin->AddTransform();
	transform->Position(15, 0, -30);
	transform->Scale(0.075f, 0.075f, 0.075f);
	kachujin->PlayBlendMode(3, 0, 1, 2);
	kachujin->SetBlendAlpha(3, 1.5f);
 
	transform = kachujin->AddTransform();
	transform->Position(30, 0, -32.5f);
	transform->Scale(0.075f, 0.075f, 0.075f);
	kachujin->PlayTweenMode(4, 4, 0.75f);
 
	kachujin->UpdateTransforms();
 
	animators.push_back(kachujin);
}
 
void BloomDemo::KachujinCollider()
{
	UINT count = kachujin->GetTransformCount();
	colliders = new  ColliderObject*[count];
 
	colliderInitTransforms = new Transform();
	colliderInitTransforms->Position(-2.9f, 1.45f, -50.0f);
	colliderInitTransforms->Scale(5, 5, 75);
 
	for (UINT i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
		colliders[i] = new ColliderObject();
 
		//colliders[i]->Init = new Transform();
		//colliders[i]->Init->Position(0, 0, 0);
		//colliders[i]->Init->Scale(10, 30, 10);
 
		colliders[i]->Transform = new Transform();
		//colliders[i]->Collider = new Collider(colliders[i]->Transform, colliders[i]->Init);
		colliders[i]->Collider = new Collider(colliders[i]->Transform, colliderInitTransforms);
	}
}
 
void BloomDemo::KachujinWeapon()
{
	weapon = new ModelRender(shader);
	weapon->ReadMesh(L"Weapon/Sword");
	weapon->ReadMaterial(L"Weapon/Sword");
 
	UINT count = kachujin->GetTransformCount();
	for (UINT i = 0; i < count; i++)
		weapon->AddTransform();
 
	weapon->UpdateTransforms();
	models.push_back(weapon);
 
	
	weaponInitTransform = new Transform();
	weaponInitTransform->Position(-2.9f, 1.45f, -6.45f);
	weaponInitTransform->Scale(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.75f);
	weaponInitTransform->Rotation(0, 0, 1);
}
 
void BloomDemo::PointLighting()
{
	PointLight light;
	light =
	{
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), //Ambient
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), //Diffuse
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.7f, 1.0f), //Specular
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.7f, 1.0f), //Emissive
		Vector3(-30, 10, -30), 5.0f, 0.9f
	};
	Lighting::Get()->AddPointLight(light);
 
	light =
	{
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.6f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.6f, 0.3f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Vector3(15, 10, -30), 10.0f, 0.3f
	};
	Lighting::Get()->AddPointLight(light);
 
	light =
	{
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), //Ambient
		Color(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), //Diffuse
		Color(0.0f, 0.7f, 0.0f, 1.0f), //Specular
		Color(0.0f, 0.7f, 0.0f, 1.0f), //Emissive
		Vector3(-5, 1, -17.5f), 5.0f, 0.9f
	};
	Lighting::Get()->AddPointLight(light);
 
	light =
	{
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.7f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.7f, 1.0f),
		Vector3(-10, 1, -17.5f), 5.0f, 0.9f
	};
	Lighting::Get()->AddPointLight(light);
}
 
void BloomDemo::SpotLighting()
{
	SpotLight light;
	light =
	{
		Color(0.3f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.7f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.3f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Color(0.3f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
		Vector3(-15, 20, -30), 25.0f,
		Vector3(0, -1, 0), 30.0f, 0.4f
	};
	Lighting::Get()->AddSpotLight(light);
 
	light =
	{
		Color(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.9f, 1.0f),
		Color(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.9f, 1.0f),
		Color(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.9f, 1.0f),
		Color(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.9f, 1.0f),
		Vector3(0, 20, -30), 30.0f,
		Vector3(0, -1, 0), 40.0f, 0.55f
	};
	Lighting::Get()->AddSpotLight(light);
}
 
void BloomDemo::Pass(UINT mesh, UINT model, UINT anim)
{
	for (MeshRender* temp : meshes)
		temp->Pass(mesh);
 
	for (ModelRender* temp : models)
		temp->Pass(model);
 
	for (ModelAnimator* temp : animators)
		temp->Pass(anim);
}
 
void BloomDemo::SetBlur()
{
	float x = 1.0f / D3D::Width();
	float y = 1.0f / D3D::Height();
 
	GetBlurParameter(weightX, offsetX, x, 0);
	GetBlurParameter(weightY, offsetY, 0, y);
}
 
void BloomDemo::GetBlurParameter(vector<float>& weights, vector<Vector2>& offsets, float x, float y)
{
	weights.clear();
	weights.assign(blurCount, float());
 
	offsets.clear();
	offsets.assign(blurCount, Vector2());
 
	weights[0] = GetGaussFunction(0); //1
	offsets[0] = Vector2(0, 0);
 
 
	float sum = weights[0];
	for (UINT i = 0; i < blurCount / 2; i++)
	{
		float temp = GetGaussFunction((float)(i + 1));
 
		weights[i * 2 + 1] = temp;
		weights[i * 2 + 2] = temp;
		sum += temp * 2;
 
		Vector2 temp2 = Vector2(x, y) * (i * 2 + 1.5f);
		offsets[i * 2 + 1] = temp2;
		offsets[i * 2 + 2] = -temp2;
	}
 
	for (UINT i = 0; i < blurCount; i++)
		weights[i] /= sum;
}
 
float BloomDemo::GetGaussFunction(float val)
{
	return (float)((1.0 / sqrt(2 * Math::PI * blurCount)) * exp(-(val * val) / (2 * blurCount * blurCount)));
}

 

 

실행화면

 

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